نشریه علوم و فنون مرزی
پیاپی 33 (تابستان 1399)

The Balharud border river is one of the border rivers between Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan. Changes in the course of this river over the past years have caused problems in the border strip of the Garmi Border Regiment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the diversion of the Balhorud border river and its impact on the security of border residents in the Garmi Border Regiment. The present research is an applied research that has been done by descriptive-survey method The statistical population of this study includes three groups; 45 employees of Ardabil Border Command, 45 employees of the security department of Garmi and Ardabil governorates and experts in the field of Moghan water affairs and Ardabil regional water company 45 and local experts (villagers and council members) living in border villages of the study area 45 There were 40 people selected for each sample size using Morgan table using simple random sampling method. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was formally confirmed by experts and related experts and its reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha test with a rate of 0.70 which indicates good reliability. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and GIS software with simple regression tests. The results of the research indicate that the diversion of the Balharud River has a significant effect on the security of the Garmi Border Regiment and also the diversion of the Balharud Border River has a significant direct effect on illegal traffic, infrastructure destruction and border economy in the Garmi Border Regiment. Redirecting the border river of Balharud has caused illegal border traffic of border residents of the Islamic Republic of Iran and has caused the destruction of border infrastructure. Agricultural and productive, economic activities face serious problems.

The importance of tourism is as great as that it has been a valuable and growing part of the economic approach in Spatial planning. In this regard, the present research has seeks to spatial planning role analysis in tourism development in Sistan and Baluchestan province.

Present research is developmental-applied in terms of purpose. The sample size is 400 residents and 30 experts and specialists. This study has been used methods such as Delphi, Statistics T , ,one-way ANOVA, Levin F test and Pearson test .

Based on the results of T-test, components of spatial planning such as security and defense (average 3.77), infrastructure and manpower (average 3.37), political and combating commodity smuggling(average 3.25), economic and socio-cultural (average 13.13) 3) and environmental and spatial (with an average of 3.02) have the greatest impact on tourism development, respectively. According to Pearson correlation coefficient, with 99% confidence and error level less than 0.01 between spatial planning and tourism has positive direct relationships which include environmental (0.59), economic (0.66), service (0.67); social-cultural (0.69), political (0.65), information and advertising (63) (0.68), competitiveness (0.68) and tourist safety (0.71).

spatial planning components have a significant role in tourism development in Sistan and Baluchestan province. Because their average is high and their upper and lower limits are positive. The relationship between patial planning and tourism components is direct and positive. patial planning has the most relationshipwith the security component of tourists. It also has the least relationship with the environmental component.

population infestation to major cities in order to take advantage of economic, social opportunities, etc.; has led to the formation of several challenges as economic weakness, insecurity, migration and depopulation of border areas. Sustainable development is one of the global issues for dealing with various problems of cities, which has been highly emphasized since 1980. one of the new approaches that can play a key role in achieving the sustainability of cities is the tourism approach. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the situation of sustainability dimensions of the border city of Khaf and then explain the role of tourism on the dimensions of urban sustainability . The research method is descriptive-analytical and to identify the main criteria, research literature and theoretical foundations were examined. the final criteria were extracted in accordance with the opinions of experts. The statistical population of the study includes two groups of residents of Khaf city and experts and specialists in the field of tourism and urban planning. In the first stage, in order to explain the situation of the four dimensions of urban sustainability, one-sample t-test was used in SPSS software and then LISREL software was applied to analyze the impact of tourism factor on each of the dimensions of urban sustainability.the research findings show that the situation of Khaf city is not desirable in terms of urban sustainability. Also, tourism factor has a significant effect on all aspects of urban sustainability.

Management is a vital element in the mobility and progress of every organization. The present study aims at analyzing the role of management and managers in increasing the spirit and motivation of Police Border Command Personnel in meeting their organizational missions. To do so, the theories of theorists like Taylor, Schiner, Mazlow and Herzberg is used as a basic. The used approach is qualitative and the method is grounded theory, by means of open and semi-structured interview with 17 persons of those serving in the Kurdistan Border Command. Findings show that the five following categories are the main ones causing diminish of motivation among the Border Command personnel: 1. Concern about the procedure of management and commandment, 2. Personnel's cultural and social concerns, 3. Personnel's economic and life concerns, 4. Personnel's environmental concerns, 5. Personnel's emotional and mental concerns. Each of these categories can effect on each other mutually. According to the results, the following factors over them, the management has direct influence; can lead to the increase of motivation among personnel. 1. Avoiding violence and haste in decision-making, 2. Avoiding discrimination, 3. Avoiding prejudice, 4. Bing sample and pioneer in the organization, 5. Scientific and logical outlook, 6. Confronting gossiping, 7. Professional ethics-centering, 8. Inciting and motivating collective wisdom, 9. Intensifying empathy, 10. Merited-leading, 11. End-reflecting, 12. Inducing hope in the collection. Finally, meeting these categories will lead to 1. Organizational belonging and commitment, 2. Intensifying service spirit and working motivation of the personnel in Police Border Command.

The present study seeks to investigate the factors affecting the tendency of some residents of Bushehr province to smuggle goods. In this regard, the impact of seven factors including economic, social, geographical, legal, structural, political and cultural factors on tendency to smuggle goods was investigated. Research

The statistical population of this applied-survey study is Marine Command staff and coastal residents of Bushehr province. Statistical sample was determined using Cochran formula and finally 110 marine and 650 coastline residents were surveyed. Amos22 and Spss22 software were used to analyze the research data.

The research hypotheses show that there are significant relationships between seven factors including economic factors (0.91), cultural factors (0.69), structural factors (0.86), Legal factors (impact factor of 0.81), social factors (effect factor of 0.88), political factors (effect factor of 0.83) and geographical factors (effect factor of 0.79) tend to be trafficked and these variables have different effects. On the desire and attempt to smuggle goods.

The findings of the study show that economic factors have the greatest impact on commodity trafficking, so that both economic and policy standards need to be strengthened in the economic factors sector. Monetary and financial policies as well as market-based structures are being scrutinized, and economic incentives to smuggle goods also disappear. At the end of the day, a policy solution to reduce smuggling was presented. Send feedback History Saved Community

Today, with the expansion and complexity of societies, the issue of security has taken on a wide and complex dimension. Security is one of the main factors in the sustainability of today's societies, which with the increase and complexity of urban communities, the conditions for meeting this need and addressing this issue has become more complex. Recognizing and controlling security in cities requires a thorough and comprehensive look to be able to understand the various dimensions of security and to discover the hidden connections between those dimensions at different levels. The purpose of this study is to assess the sense of social security of the citizens of the border town of Qasr-e Shirin. This research is descriptive-analytical and in terms of its objectives it is of an applied research type. The statistical population of the study is all residents of Qasr-e Shirin (23,929 people in 2016), of whom 377 citizens were selected using Cochran's formula with 95% confidence level, 5% probability of error through simple random sampling method. In order to collect data and information, two documentary and field study methods were used and the required data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha test was used to obtain the reliability. Face validity was confirmed by the views of professors and experts. Findings show that the level of sense of social security based on two financial and life variables among citizens is in a relatively desirable range. The statistical results show that the state of sense of social security is different between different ages and the average sense of security varies by gender and men feel more secure than women. There is also a significant and direct relationship between the role of law enforcement and social security, and a stronger police presence equals a greater sense of security for residents. There is also a significant relationship between the sense of social security and age and gender, life and financial security, and physical and social space of the city.

Passive defense empowers villagers in ensuring the maximum safety, sustainability, and minimizing the vulnerability of sustainable development-related infrastructure. The present study was conducted with the aim of spatial and land use analysis of rural settlements in the border city of Qasr-e Shirin with emphasis on evaluation and passive defense in order to improve and promote the organization of security-defense indicators in these areas. The research method was descriptive-analytical and statistical population consists of 40 experts in the field of passive defense. To analyze the indicators, models and maps of raster and zoning in the form of 11 criteria and opinions of passive defense experts have been used. Findings show that landslide criteria with 35%, fault with 28% and slope with 17% were the most important and, in contrast, the river criteria with 4%, erosion with 3%, and land use with 2% were the least important in AHP model. Based on the results, most of the villages located in the northeast of the city are located in suitable areas and a number of villages in the southeast of the city, including Nal Shekan, Vargach, Kaleh Joob, Meh Rig and Meh Raseh, etc. are in inappropriate and risky areas. In the future approach, the villagers should avoid the areas that are in the center, northeast and southeast corners of the city as unsuitable areas.